The challenge of burns
Burns are among the most serious injuries that people can suffer. A burn is a thermal injury that results in tissue damage that can be caused by flames, hot liquids, vapors, gases, radiation, hot substances, and contact surfaces or friction. Electricity and chemical substances cause burn-like injuries. Electricity can cause superficial thermal damage, but also deep burns to tissue and organs. Chemical substances can cause exceptional skin and soft tissue damage that requires special assessment and treatment.
Nowadays, a wide range of specialized treatment methods can be used for different burn wounds. A precise clinical assessment of the burn wound by experts is therefore crucial for a differentiated therapy concept and successful treatment. The wound is assessed on the basis of the percentage of body surface area burned and the depth of the burn. The depth of the burn is divided into four degrees. From 2nd degree burns onwards, the top layer of skin (epidermis), the barrier against germs, is destroyed. The priority then is to protect the wound from infection in order to maintain good treatment and healing conditions.
Severe burns often lead to the development of burn disease with burn shock, which can damage all organs, have a negative impact on wound healing and increase susceptibility to infection. This can lead to serious complications such as pneumonia or wound infections as the disease progresses.
As a result of severe infection, 75% of patients with extensive burns die.²
It can be assumed that, despite all measures, bacteria will spread on the wound after about a week. This is due to the ideal conditions that microorganisms find in the wound: The natural skin barrier is destroyed, the patient's general immune system is significantly reduced and there is a lack of blood flow, which prevents any defense cells present in the blood from being transported to it.